To ensure safe and efficient packaging, it is crucial to use appropriately sized packaging materials to prevent items from moving or colliding during transit, minimizing damage and waste. Overfilled packaging can exert excessive internal pressure, deforming the box and damaging items, while underfilled packaging creates gaps that lead to uneven stress, causing box collapse, dents, or tilting, which affects customer satisfaction. Suitable filling materials such as bubble wrap, PE foam, or newspapers should be used to fill empty spaces within the box . Packaging must also be sturdy enough to withstand the item’s weight, especially for irregular or round shapes. Polystyrene boxes require additional external protection due to their fragility. Plastic bags are unsuitable as outer packaging, and appropriate boxes or shipping bags should be used instead. When shipping items in their manufacturer’s original packaging, which often includes protective fillers and tamper-evident seals, minimal extra fillers should be added. If the original packaging is non-corrugated , it must be placed inside a corrugated box with bubble wrap and fillers to prevent movement, whereas corrugated original packaging should be wrapped with ample cushioning materials and concealed with black shrink wrap to reduce theft or tampering risks. Additionally, all liquid containers , even if sturdy, must be placed inside waterproof bags to prevent leakage and contamination of other parcels.